The great sages of antiquity were deeply convinced of the most important purpose of divine numbers, expressing the universal laws of time and space. They believed that numbers are the fundamental principle of the universe, and the gods control the universe with their help.
In order to learn all the secrets of the world, a person must learn to penetrate into the innermost essence of numbers, to understand their symbolism hidden behind the abstract shell of numbers.
Among the Greeks, odd numbers symbolized the masculine, active principle, and even numbers, respectively, the feminine and passive. The Chinese saw in odd numbers a reflection of the principle “yang” – heavenly, constant and favorable, and in even numbers – the opposite principle “yin”, earthly, changeable and unfavorable.
The ancients persistently tried to comprehend the mystical secret of numbers. The wise Babylonians paid close attention to the numerical characteristics of time; the Aztecs, who were sensitive to numbers, identified each number with a specific deity, quality and color; and the Kabbalists, who assigned a certain number to each Hebrew letter, laid the foundations of numerology.
As we know, there are an infinite number of numbers, so this article will reveal the symbolism of only those of them whose incomprehensible magical power has always aroused the greatest interest in people.
Zero is the most mysterious and contradictory number, a symbol of emptiness, nothingness, primordial chaos, but at the same time, an emblem of the absoluteness, eternity and infinity of the Universe.
Pythagoras believed that this mysterious number contains everything that exists. We find confirmation of his thought in the mythology of many peoples of the world, where it is stated that the universe arose from the World Cosmic Egg.
In Kabbalah, zero is associated with God named Eyi, which in Hebrew means “that which is not.” God is absolute Nothing: he created the world and maintains its existence, but the creator himself does not exist, for he stands outside of existence, although he is reflected in every smallest particle of the universe.
One is the most important mystical number, a symbol of beginning, unity and integrity, the embodiment of the divine essence and an allegory of the cosmic axis . When applied to a person, the number “1” symbolizes a man, the human “I” and loneliness.
In all world religions, the unit personifies God. In Confucianism, this number is associated with primordial matter and the mystical center, which served as the root cause and source of being. In medieval alchemy, the unit symbolized unity and the source of life.
For the Pythagoreans, the number “1” was the starting point, the beginning of any calculation.
The amazing qualities of the unit are the subject of the deep reflections of the interesting Latin writer Ambrose Theodosius Macrobius (IV century BC), given in his book “Commentary on “The Dream of Scipio”:
“Unit, i.e. The monad is both husband and wife, being itself even and odd and, not being itself a number, is the source and beginning of numbers. The beginning and the end of everything, she herself knows neither the beginning nor the end, pointing to the highest deity and separating him from the many things and forces that flow from him, and it is not without reason that you assign her the next step after God. She is the mind grown from the highest deity, not subject to the action of time, but eternally abiding in the present; always unchanged, it itself cannot be counted, but it creates from itself and contains in itself countless types of genera (things).”
The main symbolic meaning of the two is, of course, its duality. The number “2” expresses the inextricable unity of balanced opposites: life and death, matter and spirit, god and devil, man and woman, good and evil, positive and negative, white and black, water and fire, day and night, etc.
In mythology, this idea is most clearly illustrated by the ancient Roman two-faced Janus, the god of doors, lord of entrances and exits. The two faces of Janus, facing in opposite directions, hint at his power over the two hypostases of time: one of them peers into the past, and the second pierces the dense veil of the future with its gaze.
In the dualistic religion of Mazdaist Iran, the two personifies the confrontation between the good and evil gods: the bright Ahuramazda and the dark Ahriman. The principle of dualism is the basis of many religious cults, and in Taoism it is represented by the opposing principles of “yin” and “yang”.
In alchemy, the number “2” also expresses the duality and opposition of the natural properties of matter: constancy and volatility.
Three is synthesis, creativity, creation and love, as a mystical force that connects two and gives birth to a third.
Pythagoras and Aristotle considered this number to be the embodiment of harmony and completeness, since it combines the beginning, middle and end. Three is the number of a person who combines body, spirit and soul.
In the countries of the East, three is a sacred number: among the Chinese it symbolizes holiness, legality and perfection, and the Japanese honor three “sacred treasures” as priceless relics: a sword, a bronze mirror and precious jasper.
In ancient Indian mythology, Triloka, the triune universe, consists of three worlds: heavenly, earthly and underground (the afterlife).
In ancient mythology, there are many fabulous female triads: Graias, Graces, Harpies, Gorgons, Parcas, Furies, etc., and among the Celts there are three Matrons.
In folklore, three royal sons or three maidens usually appear. The main character of the fairy tale solves three riddles, passes three tests, makes a choice between three roads, has three wishes or three magic objects, etc.
In all polytheistic religions, power over the world is divided between three supreme gods. The Egyptian divine trinity is represented by Osiris, Isis and Horus; the Hindu trimurti consists of: the creator Brahma, the preserver Vishnu and the destroyer Shiva; the Greek triad includes Zeus, Poseidon and Hades, and even the attributes of their power are marked with the seal of the sacred number “3” – the triple lightning of Zeus, the trident of Poseidon and the three-headed hellish dog of Hades.
Triads of main gods existed in the cult of the Scandinavians, Celts, Incas, Aztecs and many other people. This trend continues even in monotheistic Christianity, where the trinity of one god is expressed through the Christian Trinity (God the Father, God the Son and the Holy Spirit).
The magic of the number “3” is manifested in Hinduism through the triple mystical sound “aum”, symbolizing the eternal rhythm of the cosmos or the divine breath; in Buddhism, the sacred texts of the Tripitaka are divided into three parts; and in Christianity, the troika personifies the main virtues – Faith, Hope and Love.
In alchemy, the divine number symbolizes three important substances: sulfur, mercury and philosophic salt, which, according to Paracelsus, strengthen health, destroy defects and protect old age.
Hermes Trismegistus (“Thrice Greatest”), whose prototype was the Egyptian god of wisdom Thoth, was considered the legendary idol and patron of all alchemists.
In astrology, three was considered as a dynamic, creative number, a symbol of the expansion of space and the emblem of the largest planet in the solar system – Jupiter.
Four is the most important mystical number, signifying absolute omnipotence, omnipresence, completeness, power over time and space.
In nature, the number “4” is associated with the four elements (earth, water, fire and air), commands the four cardinal directions and divides time into large and small “tetrahedral” scales. The major one includes the year, month, week and day, and the minor one includes the day, hour, minute and second. The main time categories of each scale are also subject to the magic of the quartet: it divides the year into four seasons – spring, summer, autumn and winter, and the day – into morning, afternoon, evening and night.
In Mayan mythology, the four divine brothers Bakata, standing at the four corners of the universe, hold the sky in their hands. The Indian four-faced god Brahma rules over the four elements.
In the Bon religion, four powerful dwarfs guard the cardinal directions. In Chinese mythology, four sacred animals were revered: qilin (unicorn), fenghuang (phoenix), lun (dragon) and gui (turtle). In the Babylonian, Indian, Iranian, German and Scandinavian myths, four rivers, carrying the waters of spirituality and immortality, flow from under the roots of the World Tree.
Four evangelists played a huge role in the propaganda of the Christian religion: John, Mark, Matthew and Luke, and in Hinduism, society was split into four closed castes (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras).
In India and China, the number four was the emblem of the Earth, since the ancients imagined our planet as a square with flat sides.
But in Japan this is the number of death: the hieroglyph “si” that denotes it is consonant with the word “death”. For this reason, the superstitious inhabitants of the Land of the Rising Sun avoid the fatal number in every possible way: in Japan there are no apartments, no houses, no floors, no hospital wards with this number.
Among the Pythagoreans, the number “4” is a symbol of the human soul. The meaning of this number for them can be judged by the following words of Ambrose Theodosius Macrobius:
“Four is revered by the Pythagoreans… as a mystical number, a symbol of the perfection of the soul, which is why they included it in the sacred formula of their oath: “I swear to those who gave our soul (the appearance of) four”…
Five is a universal symbol of man and his five senses (sight, hearing, taste, touch and smell). Graphically, this symbolism was conveyed by a person standing with his arms outstretched in different directions and his legs spread wide apart, i.e. in the form of a five-pointed star (pentagram).
Five is associated with love and sexual energy, center and heart, strength and health, and among the Pythagoreans it personified the sacred inextricable connection between earth and sky.
In mythology, the number “5” is directly related to some celestial beings: the Hindu Shiva, whose emblem was a five-pointed star; the Roman Venus, whose beauty and sexuality she expressed; Aztec Quetzalcoatl, who rose from the Kingdom of the Dead on the fifth day, etc.
In the religion of China and Japanese Buddhism, the sacred five, which included the four cardinal directions and the mystical center, was a symbol of the universe . In Judaism, this number signified divine power , in Christianity – the five wounds of Christ, and in Islam – the five commandments of faith: namaz (daily five times prayer), ritual ablution, eid (fasting in the holy month of Ramadan), zakat (tax for the benefit of the poor), and hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca).
In alchemy , five symbolized quintessence – the mystical fifth element.
The number “6” is a wonderful symbol of union, equilibrium, balance, harmony and beauty, and for the Pythagoreans it is also an emblem of good luck and happiness.
Such magnificent symbolism is based on the amazing properties of the six, revealed, in particular, by the Roman Macrobius:
“As for six, which when added to one gives seven, it has many different virtues and meanings. The first is that it is the only number among those included in the ten that can be formed by quotients (obtained from it). After all, the second, third and sixth parts of six, namely three, two and one, together make six…”
In astrology, this number of beauty and harmony has become the emblem of the heavenly beauty – the planet Venus.
Seven is a magical number, a sign of perfection, cosmic order and completeness of the cycle. This symbolism was largely predetermined by the seven-day phases of the moon and the seven celestial bodies of our solar system known in ancient times. The seven also embodied the main secret of the universe, which is why we call the unsolvable riddle “a secret sealed with seven seals.”
In every religion, this star number was associated with divine powers. In Ancient Egypt, seven was the emblem of Osiris, a symbol of his immortality; in the cult of Iranian Mithras there are seven degrees of initiation; in Hinduism – seven hypostases of Buddha; in Judaism – seven religious festivals, Seven Pillars of Wisdom and seven days of Creation; in the Islamic tradition, the Universe consists of seven lands, seas and heavens, seven steps lead to hell and the same number of doors block the path to the gardens of paradise.
In Christianity, the most inconsistent of all religions, the number “7” has both positive and negative symbolism: church ritual has seven main sacraments (baptism, communion, confirmation, confession, priesthood, church marriage, unction), but, on the other hand, the fathers of Christianity branded the seven deadly sins: anger, stinginess, envy, pride, gluttony, adultery and laziness.
In astrology, the seven “wandering stars” known in antiquity and the Middle Ages corresponded to the seven days of the week: the Sun “ruled” Sunday, the Moon – Monday, Mars – Tuesday, Mercury – Wednesday, Jupiter – Thursday, Venus – Friday, Saturn – Saturday.
In the history of mankind, the magical number “7” personified everything that is great and wonderful. The ancient Greeks praised the Seven outstanding Sages of antiquity: Thales, Bianthus, Solon, Pittacus, Cleobulus, Chilon and Periander. In the Hellenistic era, seven unsurpassed masterpieces of architecture and art were identified, called the Seven Wonders of the World: the Egyptian pyramids, the “hanging gardens” of Babylon, the statue of Zeus at Olympia, the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, the Colossus of Rhodes, the mausoleum at Halicarnassus and the Lighthouse of Alexandria.
Great Rome, the proud ruler of the ancient world, stood on seven hills (Aventine, Palatine, Quirinal, Capitol, Viminal, Esquiline and Caelium). In this geological fact, the arrogant Romans saw the special mercy and favor of the gods towards the Eternal City and its citizens.
In the Middle Ages, the Seven Liberal Arts were most revered: grammar, rhetoric, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, logic and music.
It is difficult to say whether the hand of fate or divine providence is visible in this, but the political unification of China was preceded by the formidable “era of warring kingdoms” (V-III centuries BC), when seven powerful kingdoms collided in an effort to seize power over the entire Celestial Empire: Chu, Qin, Wei, Zhao, Han, Qi and Yan.
After some time, the same story repeated itself in England, where in the VI-VII centuries. AD Seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms fought with each other: Kent, Wessex, Sussex, Essex, Mercia, Northumbria and East Anglia.
Eight is the embodiment of harmony, balance, order and stability. Eight is paradoxical and universal, since the two fours or four twos that make it up express the unity and struggle of opposites, i.e. the main law of the cosmic world order.
If seven marks the completion of the cycle, then eight exceeding it by one symbolizes the beginning of a new period, renewal and rebirth. At the same time, this amazing number is a model of a limitless Universe; it is not without reason that in the Japanese tradition it means multiplicity, and in mathematics the same number, depicted horizontally, serves as a sign of infinity.
In ancient philosophy, the number eight personifies the unity of the four primary elements, divided into two opposite pairs (fire – water, earth – air) and their mutually opposite properties (heat – cold, dryness – moisture). For the Pythagoreans, she was an emblem of wisdom, prudence and justice. Macrobius, commenting on such a high assessment of it by representatives of this famous philosophical school, wrote:
“As for the Pythagoreans, they called eight justice, as the first number that can be decomposed into such pairwise equal numbers, that is, two fours, which, dividing, again form two identical even numbers, i.e. two deuces. And the eight is made in the same way: two times two two.”
In mythology, eight is the sacred number of the Egyptian Thoth and the Greek Hermes. In Chinese Taoist mythology, a special place is occupied by a group of legendary heroes – the Eight Immortals, which includes: Lü Dongbin, Li Tieguai, Zhang Guolao, Zhongli Quan, Cao Guojiu, Han Xiangzi, Lan Caihe and the only woman, the “immortal maiden” He Xiangu.
Their attributes make up 8 symbols of immortality: flute, sword, fan, bamboo cane, calabash, basket of flowers, castanets and lotus. Each of them is endowed with special magical functions: Liu’s sword is designed to punish demons, Zhongli’s fan is to revive the dead, He’s white lotus, whose stem is curved in the shape of the sacred rod of Ruyi, is capable of granting wishes like a magic wand, etc.
In all world religions, the number “8” plays an extremely important role. In Islam, eight angels supporting the throne of Allah represent the stability of the divine world order. In Buddhism, where the Eight Precepts of the Buddha are held sacred, the Eightfold Path, which includes righteous judgment, motives, speech, effort, action, attitude, spiritual activity and contemplation, indicates a harmonious, moderate way of life leading to salvation.
For Buddhists, the lotus with eight chakra petals is an emblem of a good omen.
In Christianity, the number eight symbolizes rebirth and renewal . The reason for this symbolism is that the resurrection of Christ is presented here as the “eighth day of creation.” There are many examples in Christian cult and emblems illustrating the sacred meaning of the number eight. The emblem of the resurrection of Christ is the eight-pointed Maltese cross, and the spiritual renewal of man through the sacrament of baptism is reflected in the octagonal shape of the baptismal font.
In Christian iconography, the Star of Bethlehem has eight rays, which announced to the world the birth of the Savior. In Buddhist iconography, the eight spokes of the wheel of samsara indicate the endless number of rebirths of a person who does not follow the saving commandments of the Buddha.
In the magic of the North American Indians, such a wheel was considered as an eight-sided model of the Universe, including the four main cardinal directions and four intermediate directions (northeast, northwest, southeast and southwest).
The volumetric model of the world is best represented by the number “8” squared, i.e. eight multiplied by itself.
The ancient Chinese mantika, based on the famous “Book of Changes,” operates with eight trigrams, signifying the eight main states of the world. Various combinations of these trigrams form 64 predictions, covering all aspects of a person’s personal and public life.
The same magical numbers formed the basis of the wisest game of all time. Each side of the chessboard is divided into eight squares, and there are 64 of them in total. Chess is a dualistic model of the ancient Hindu world, a field of eternal struggle between the bright forces of good and the dark legions of evil.
The Pythagoreans called the closing number nine “the limit of all numbers.” Nine is a triple triad, a symbol of absolute perfection and completeness.
Man has found evidence of this in space, on earth, and even underground. Preparing to enter the big world, the human fetus matures and gains strength in the womb for nine months. Nine planets rotate in the solar system, which forms the world of near space.
In Chinese mythology, the sky is made up of nine spheres (Jiu Tian): four celestial spheres are oriented along the four cardinal directions, the other four are oriented in intermediate directions, and the ninth is in the center. On earth, they correspond to nine parts of the Celestial Empire, since the legendary emperor and land manager Great Yu, “measuring with his steps the Nine Mountains, Nine Rivers and Nine Swamps, divided the earth into Nine Regions.”
The formidable completeness of the nine was given to Mictlan in the mythology of the Mayans and Aztecs – the gloomy underground world of the dead, divided into nine tiers. Christian hell also consists of nine concentric circles, and there are nine gates leading there.
According to a widespread maritime belief, the ship is brought to ruin by the fatal “ninth wave” – a giant wall of water rising almost to the skies.
In Greek mythology, the complete completeness of perfection is personified by nine beautiful muses: Calliope – the muse of epic poetry, Euterpe – the muse of lyric poetry, Erato – the muse of love songs, Melpomene – the muse of tragedy, Thalia – the muse of comedy, Terpsichore – the muse of dancing, Clio – the muse of history, Urania – the muse of astronomy and Polyhymnia – the muse of sacred hymns.
In the Christian religion, the completeness of the world order , according to the teachings of Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite (5th century), is expressed by nine angelic ranks, distributed among three triads. The first (highest) triad consists of seraphim, cherubim and thrones; the second – dominion, strength and power, and the third, closest to the world of people – the principles, archangels and angels.
The divine essence of the nine is also recognized by other religions: in Hinduism it symbolizes the sacred fire of the god Agni; in Judaism – the light of truth, and in Buddhism – the highest spiritual power.
The number “10” is a symbol of integrity, completeness and perfection .
In ancient philosophy, in particular among the Pythagoreans, ten was considered the universal number of the universe, designated by a ten-pointed star. The ten commanded the microcosm (man) and the macrocosm (the Universe): the integrity of the first of them was indicated by 10 fingers, and the complete perfection of the second by 9 planets with the sun in the center.
In Chinese philosophy, the number “10”, symbolizing balance and harmony , was depicted in hieroglyphs in the form of an equilateral cross.
In Chinese and Korean mythology, there are 10 Taoist symbols of eternal life: the sun, mountain, stone, water, cloud, deer, water turtle, crane, pine and “grass of immortality”.
Diyu, the Chinese hell, is divided into ten courts. In nine of them the souls of sinners are found, condemned to certain torments for crimes committed on earth. The souls of sinless people are sent to the tenth judgment after death. After a thorough check, they receive the right to rebirth and a ticket to a new life.
In the religion of the ancient Jews, the ten commandments, one and zero, which make up the ten, signify divine manifestation, therefore, in Judaism and Christianity, it is the ten commandments of God that are revered, and the church demanded sacrifices from believers in the form of paying tithes (a tenth of the harvest or property).
In history, this number denotes a certain milestone in the life of mankind: a minor milestone is marked by a decade (10 days), a major milestone by a decade.
In military affairs, a dozen soldiers, welded together with iron discipline into a single military unit led by a foreman, formed the basis of many armies of the Middle Ages. In the army of Genghis Khan, for example, each soldier was responsible for all of his dozen comrades; If one of them escaped from the battlefield, the entire ten were sentenced to death.
In the Roman army, a proven means of combating desertion was decimation (the execution of every tenth legionnaire by lot). Decimation, used in the first centuries of Rome, was subsequently abolished. However, during the grandiose uprising of Spartacus (74-71 BC), Marcus Crassus, enraged by the successes of the gladiators and the cowardice of the Roman soldiers, was forced to revive the cruel ancient custom.
Here is what the great Greek historian and biographer Plutarch (1st century AD) reports on this matter:
“…Crassus…rearmed the defeated units, but demanded a guarantee from them that they would henceforth take care of their weapons. Having then selected five hundred of them – the main culprits of the escape – and dividing them into ten people, he ordered that one out of every ten, whom the lot would indicate, be put to death. Crassus thus resumed the punishment that was in use among the ancients and had not been used for a long time; this type of execution is associated with shame and is accompanied in front of everyone by terrible and gloomy rituals.”
Twelve is a symbol of the eternal cycle of time, completeness and finitude, since the year consists of 12 months, and day and night – of 12 hours. In China, an era consists of 12 twelve-year periods.
In Greek mythology, the greatest hero of Hellas, Hercules, performed 12 brilliant feats: 1) strangled the Nemean lion; 2) killed the Lernaean hydra; 3) shot the Stymphalian birds – cannibals; 4) caught the fleet-footed Kerynean fallow deer; 5) defeated the ferocious Erymanthian boar; 6) cleaned the stables of King Augeas; 7) tamed the fire-breathing Cretan bull; 8) curbed the bloodthirsty horses of Diomedes; 9) obtained the golden belt of the Amazon queen Hippolyta; 10) drove Geryon’s cows; 11) took the infernal three-headed dog Cerberus away from the underworld; 12) with the help of titanium, Atlas obtained the golden apples of the Hesperides.
In astrology, the starry sky is divided into 12 signs of the Zodiac (Aquarius, Capricorn, Sagittarius, Scorpio, Libra, Virgo, Leo, Cancer, Gemini, Taurus, Aries, Pisces).
In the religion of the ancient Greeks and Romans, there are 12 main gods – the Olympians: Zeus (Jupiter), Poseidon (Neptune), Hades (Pluto), Hera (Juno), Apollo (Phoebus), Artemis (Diana), Athena (Minerva), Aphrodite ( Venus), Demeter (Ceres), Dionysus (Bacchus), Ares (Mars) and Hermes (Mercury).
The Bible mentions 12 sons of Jacob, 12 tribes of Israel, 12 fruits of the Tree of Life, 12 gates of the Holy City, 12 stars in the crown of the Virgin Mary. Christ had 12 disciples – apostles: Peter, Andrew, James the Elder, James Alpheus, John the Apostle, Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, Thaddeus (Judas Levway), Simon the Zealot and Judas Iscariot, who betrayed his divine teacher for 30 pieces of silver.
Thirteen is the most fatal, unlucky number, a symbol of destruction and death . It exceeds by one the number of the complete set, and therefore conceals within itself the threat of conflict and the danger of explosion, a transition to another, unknown quality.
The origins of the terrible symbolism of the number “13” are hidden in the darkness of centuries. In the mythology of the ancient Egyptians, the mystical staircase leading to the Higher Knowledge had 13 steps, with the last of them symbolizing the afterlife.
In Scandinavian myths there is a story about a fatal feast in Valhalla – the heavenly palace of Odin. 12 gods were invited to the feast, but there were 13 guests – the cruel god of chaos and discord Loki appeared uninvited, whose machinations led
to the death of the bright and beautiful Balder. This story is almost similar to the Christian legend about the Last Supper: the last, thirteenth in a row, Judas Iscariot arrived at it, destroying Christ.
The reason for the mystical fear of this number is not difficult to understand if we consider that the ancient Jews denoted “13” and the word “death” with the same sign. That is why in occultism “13” is the favorite number of necromancers and sorcerers, and Tarot card number 13 is called “Death”.
Even in the modern civilized era, the black magic of the “dead” number continues to influence superstitious people and entire nations. In the USA, England and France it is impossible to find such a number on houses, but in cinemas and airplane cabins the twelfth seat is immediately followed by the fourteenth. In the calendar, “Black Friday” (Friday the 13th) is of particular concern – it is believed that the unlucky day of the week doubles the mysterious devilish power of the fatal number. The fear of it is so widespread in our time that psychologists have designated it with a special term – “triskaidekaphobia.”
There is a number more sinister than “13”, and this is the “number of the beast” – “666”, the generally accepted emblem of the devil and the sign of the Antichrist. This number was first mentioned by John the Apostle in the Apocalypse:
“He who has intelligence, count the number of the beast, for it is a human number; its number is six hundred and sixty-six.”
But not everyone has intelligence, therefore, both in ancient times and in our days, the satanic three sixes evoke a feeling of superstitious horror in fools, although numerology has long ago convincingly shown that the Evangelist John, having summed up the numerical values of the letters, encrypted under the number “666” not the name of the Devil, and the words “Caesar Nero”. This is who the author of Revelation quite deservedly calls a “beast,” for this ferocious persecutor of Christians poisoned defenseless people with wild animals in the arenas of amphitheaters.
Nero is undoubtedly a bloody dictator, a vile executioner and a sadist, but it is too much honor to identify him with the progenitor of evil himself.
In contrast to the “number of the beast,” three eights were proclaimed to be the number of the Messiah. The number “888”, derived from the numerical value of the letters of the Hebrew alphabet, points to Jesus Christ, for He is supposedly the messiah who will save our world.
However, it is time for humanity of the 21st century, which finds itself faced with many global problems, to realize its own responsibility for everything that happens on Earth and not place too much faith in the saving role of the Messiah. Hope in the Messiah, but don’t make a mistake yourself.
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